Long-term use of certain corticosteroids in high doses may cause eye damage. Glaucoma and cataracts are both serious concerns, but how concerned should you be? Should you avoid corticosteroids altogether? Find out the risks below to determine whether it would be wiser to use drugs and monitor the situation closely, as doctors say, or to seek other treatment.

Glaucoma Risks

Glaucoma is a disease characterized by increases of pressure within the eye. There is usually no pain, though pressure is uncomfortable sometimes. It can cause blindness.

As fluid pressure increases, the optic nerve can become damaged. This nerve is essential to working vision. It is hard to detect glaucoma before damage begins, so everyone should get regular eye examinations.

There are many types of glaucoma:

• Secondary glaucoma – occurs as a complication of other conditions and/or medications
• Open-angle glaucoma – fluid builds up because the flow through the eye drain is too slow
• Angle-closure glaucoma – fluid builds up suddenly because of a blockage, causing immediate increase in pressure as well as horrible pain, nausea, vision disruption, and eye irritation; blindness may occur in just days

Secondary glaucoma is the one that corticosteroid users get. Otherwise, glaucoma can occur in anyone, though it is most common in African Americans over 40, Hispanics over 60, people with heart or eye diseases, and those with a history of glaucoma in their families.

How likely are you to get glaucoma if you are on corticosteroids?

Not very likely. It only happens to a small percentage of people. Using it in high levels for many years makes it more likely, but not probable. However, if you also have irritable bowel syndrome, it may be risky to take corticosteroids for very long.

Doctors typically recommend that anyone with severe autoimmune disorders take corticosteroids and have their eye checked regularly for pressure to prevent an issue before the nerve is damaged.

Glaucoma is a permanent condition and will not go away just from ceasing corticosteroid use.

Cataracts Risks

Corticosteroid use over a long period of time may cause certain parts of the body to age earlier. With the eyes, this may result in cataracts.

Most people, should they live to old age, will develop at least one cataract. They develop when proteins clump together in the lens, which makes them opaque (unable to be seen through).

Cataracts are experienced as clouds in vision.

There are three types of cataracts:

• Nuclear – Tinges the eye yellow, developing slowly, and affecting mostly elderly people
• Cortical – Forms in lens cortex extending outwards in wheel form; common in diabetics
• Posterior subcapsular – Cataract at the back of the lens forms with symptoms showing rapidly

Prednisone and other corticosteroids are associated with posterior subcapsular cataracts, though they are more commonly caused by extreme farsightedness and retinitis pigmentosa.

When light passes through the back of a lens with cataracts, it is scattered and unfocused. It becomes very difficult to see close objects.

Symptoms of cataracts include:

• Blurry vision
• Colors seem faded
• Double vision
• Poor night vision
• Seeing halos

Like glaucoma, cataracts will not go away just because you stop taking prednisone. However, they will stop growing immediately.

Cataracts can be detected very early by regular eye exams. This gives you plenty of time to stop taking prednisone and prevent the cataract from growing.

A British doctor is acting the role of a pioneer. By specialism, he’s a cardiologist so one of his routine tasks is to insert a stent into blood vessels in the chest leading into and out of the heart. A stent is a cleverly designed support tube that’s inserted into a blood vessel affected by artherosclerosis. This is a disease caused by eating too much carbohydrate. Additional platelets precipitate out of the blood and build up on the walls of the vessels. The first symptom is a rise in blood pressure, which is caused when the deposits narrow the vessel. One day, the Brit had an inspiration. Since one of the more common reasons for erectile dysfunction is artherosclerosis affecting the penile artery, would it help to insert a stent into that artery?

In such situations, there’s no point in asking the question unless you’re prepared to find out the answer. When he mentioned the experiment to some of the men attending the urology department, he had a lot of volunteers. If men delay treatment, the hardening of the artery is not reversible. So, no matter which erectile dysfunction drug you take, it’s not going to help. Erections only return when the artery can dilate properly. Doctors estimate there’s a critical moment when the blockage of the artery reaches 70%. That’s the cut-off for the erectile dysfunction drugs to work. It’s still possible to force an erection using a vacuum pump but the pump is clumsy and kills all spontaneity. So, for all practical purposes, about 30% of men will find their erectile dysfunction a permanent condition.

The test to discover whether the surgery will be effective is simple. A dye is injected and its progress monitored by X-ray. If it shows seriously reduced flow through the penile artery, the procedure is likely to help. There’s no need for a full anesthetic. The stent is inserted through the arteries in the groin. Once in place, the results have been impressive with men reporting no residual discomfort and, when stimulated, a hard erection up to twelve months after the procedure.

This surgery is not for everyone. Its success depends on a blockage at just the right point in the penile artery. Even then, there may be no improvement if the man has other muscular problems. Nevertheless, it’s an interesting idea and this surgeon has a growing queue of men waiting for the operation. Now to put this in context, let’s go back to basics. No one with any sense should allow the problem to become this severe before seeking help. If you are overweight and eat an unhealthy diet, treat the first signs of erectile dysfunction as a warning of serious problems. Have all the cardiovascular tests done to see whether you have early symptoms of artherosclerosis. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the drugs are available to reduce the metabolic dangers. Levitra for the erectile dysfunction will keep the sex enjoyable while you change your diet and begin a course of gentle physical exercise. But if you refuse to go through the tests or then refuse to make the lifestyle changes, the Levitra will keep the erections going for a while but, sooner or later, the erections will disappear never to return. This will blight your life, so it’s worth avoiding.

There’s something rather unfair about the very idea of an adverse side effect. You take a pill expecting it to cure your illness or disorder, and you suddenly discover you are allergic to it. Instead of instant happiness, you find major problems with your breathing, your skin may blister. Overall it can feel like a heart attack. Well, that’s the extreme version. The majority take drugs without anything adverse happening. Obviously, the FDA would not approve a drug if it produced health-threatening effects in any significant number of people. So don’t read this as one of those articles warning you of a dramatic loss of vision or an increased risk of suicide. We don’t go in for alarmism here. Nevertheless we do want to talk about those drugs were there’s evidence of an effect on sexual performance.

The best documented are the antidepressants. This is a difficult area of cause and effect. When men are depressed, they often feel less interested in sexual activity. If your libido drops, erectile dysfunction is one of the first consequences. The reason is a mind/body link. If you do not feel sexually stimulated by the situation, no erection appears. Many men also report erectile dysfunction when they take some of the standard antidepressants, but separating out the contribution of the drug as opposed to the loss of libido is difficult. In this case, the solution is not to add one of the three erectile dysfunction drugs to the mixture. If you are genuinely depressed, the new pill is not going to help you feel in the mood. You have to wait until your depression lifts. Then you can reduce the antidepressants and experiment with sex again.

The moral of this story is always to consult with your doctor if you are taking any drugs. It’s possible the erectile dysfunction is a side effect of the medication. If so, the doctor will either want to change the dosage or change you to a different drug. One of the big unanswered questions revolves around painkillers you take on a regular basis over long periods of time. Aspirin, for example, is useful in reducing the risk of heart attacks. Whenever you go into a home, the odds are you will find one of the over-the-counter painkillers or one of the anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We all take these routinely if there’s a minor problem. A new report in the Journal of Urology suggests a risk to men who take a painkiller over long periods of time. Now let’s be clear. At present there’s no evidence any of the OTC painkillers or NSAIDs do cause erectile dysfunction. Some of the stronger opiate drugs have been linked to poor sexual performance. A lot more research is required.

Until this work is done, you should discuss your medication with your doctor. It may be that reducing the intake of painkillers may solve the problem. If not, you still need to check whether there will be a problem if you take Levitra given the underlying cause of the pain. This is not to suggest Levitra is in any way unsafe whether on its own or in combination with other drugs. But it always makes sense to ask for guidance before adding drugs together.

To get ourselves started, let’s start with a simple reassurance: there are some excellent drugs on the market that will treat even the most serious outbreak of heartburn. They are called proton pump inhibitors and they work by reducing the amount of stomach acid your body produces. The good news is there’s less acid to leak out of your stomach and cause the pain. The bad news is that, with less acid in your stomach, it takes longer to process the food. So put the drugs to one side for a moment and think about the problem. When food passes into the mouth and, after chewing, falls down towards the stomach, your body gets ready to break the food down into its chemical ingredients. The good stuff gets syphoned into the blood stream and sent off to where its going to do the most good. All the rest gets expelled from the body. The $64,000 question is how the stomach does the processing. It all starts with the acid, but mixed into it are a series of different enzymes to help break down the different types of food. Your body is a very clever machine and, left to its own devices, it produces just enough acid and enzymes to clear the stomach quickly.

If your body “likes” the food, it sends a pleasure message to the brain. This encourages you to remember what the body likes and to eat or drink more of it. Unfortunately, the body likes the food that puts on the unwanted pounds. That’s why you get a buzz when you eat or drink something sweet or savory. When food with a high-fat content arrives in the stomach, you feel good and the body orders more stomach acid to break it down. If there was only a small amount of food, it would quickly fall down the esophagus and the extra acid would stay in the stomach. But if you are eating a lot, the sphincter separating the esophagus from the stomach is kept open to keep the food on the move. The food pushes the acid out of the stomach. Worse, if you don’t sit up straight, the acid can also run into the esophagus. Either way, that burning pain starts. Lying down immediately after a big meal is asking for pain.

So eat less and avoid food with a high-fat content. Indeed, all processed food is potentially bad news. Read through all the diet advice from reliable sources like the Mayo Clinic. It’s actually very simple. Keep with lean meat like chicken and turkey. Fish is equally good. Add plenty of vegetables and fresh fruit. Whole grains and low-fat diary products complete the package. It’s even better if you do a little exercise. You will feel better in yourself and your stomach’s performance will improve. Heartburn will be a forgotten problem without you having to buy and rely on Nexium. This is not to deny the excellence of the drug. It’s consistently been shown the best of the proton pump inhibitors. But, no matter how good Nexium, it’s always better to solve a medical problem the natural way – particularly if it also saves the cost of having to buy the drugs.

Here’s a number to start us off. Marketers spend about $70 billion a year on TV ads! That’s a lot of cash! But companies out to make a profit would not spend that much on ads unless there was good evidence they work. Except, what is it, exactly, that ads do? The myth is marketers want you to buy a product the first chance you have. It’s like the old movie joke about cinemas so desperate to boost sales of ice cream, they would turn up the heating during the first feature and trigger a rush for something cool by showing an ad at the start of the intermission. The majority of ads are designed to sit in your memory. It’s like the Geico ads with the caveman or, more specifically the pig who cries wee all the way home.

There’s good evidence that hard selling techniques create a negative impression. We all take some pride in our ability to resist. So the aim is to build up brand awareness. Over time, we associate each brand with the product or service. The challenge is then to convert these memories of an amusing ad or catchy slogan into action. After all, why go to all the trouble of planting the seed if you don’t then go on to encourage people to buy later on? Except, marketers have no real control over our actions. Most of us use the ad break to make a quick cup of coffee or empty the bladder of all the coffee we’ve drunk over the evening. No one ever sits down to watch the ads. All we do is catch glimpses of the ads in passing. This constant repetition is like drip-feed, slowly building up brand awareness so that, if we’re making a decision on which product or service to buy at some time in the future, we might buy the one with the most memorable ad.

Creativity is what sells brand awareness. We remember the funny ads, or the strange ads, or the visually interesting ads, or the ads with the best music tracks. So now imagine you’re going to be paid a big chunk of cash to create a memorable ad for an erectile dysfunction drug. If you’re selling a car, you can show it accelerating from 0 to 60 in five seconds. Imagine the response of the television stations if you showed the pill producing an erection in record time. That would really test the First Amendment. So you need to sneak up on people and, hopefully, slip past their defenses before they know you’re there.

Have you seen that ad for Cialis? The one where the couple end up in separate tubs. This is one of the weird ones, isn’t it? Everyone would expect to see the happy couple gazing into each other’s eyes, perhaps hugging or, at least, holding hands. So what’s with the separate washing arrangements? Except the moment you ask the question, you’re hooked. It’s memorable because it makes you think. Like the woman driving the pig home. Her long-suffering expression says everything that needs to be said. Repeat the ad often enough and people associate the ad with the brand name. So remember Cialis really can give you 15% more on your erections.